Chemical Composition Of Liquid Fuel

Cov tshuaj lom neeg tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv roj av yog hydrocarbons, thiab muaj plaub yam tseem ceeb:
1. Alkanes
Cov mis mos molecular yog CnH2n ntxiv rau 2, thiab C5 ~ C15 yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj ua kua. Alkanes, tseem hu ua paraffinic hydrocarbons, tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov alkanes ib txwm (cov qauv saw ncaj) thiab isoalkanes (sab saw qauv) pib ntawm C5. Feem ntau hais lus, alkanes muaj qhov sib piv ntawm hydrogen / carbon siab, tsis tshua muaj siab (lub teeb), siab calorific nqi los ntawm qhov hnyav, thiab zoo thermal stability. Lub combustion ntawm alkanes feem ntau tsis muaj pa pa thiab carbon deposits.
2. Olefin
Cov mis mos molecular yog CnH2n. Alkenes yog unsaturated hydrocarbons, thiab lawv cov qauv molecular muaj tsawg hydrogen tshaj qhov siab tshaj plaws, yog li lawv muaj tshuaj lom neeg thiab yooj yim ua rau muaj ntau lub tebchaw, thiab lawv cov tshuaj stability thiab thermal stability yog phem tshaj alkanes. Nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias thiab catalysis, nws yog yooj yim hloov mus rau hauv aromatic hydrocarbons. Feem ntau, tsis muaj ntau cov olefins hauv cov roj crude, thiab olefins feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem tawg. Cov khoom siv roj av tau txais los ntawm txoj kev sib faib ncaj qha tsis muaj ntau olefins, thiab cov roj tau los ntawm txoj kev tawg tuaj yeem muaj ntau txog 25 feem pua ​​​​olefins.
3. Cycloalkanes
Nws yog lub nplhaib qauv, muaj ib lossis ntau lub nplhaib ntawm 6 carbon atoms. Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem lawv zoo li me ntsis zoo ib yam li naphthenes, lawv muaj tsawg hydrogen thiab yog li muaj tus nqi qis dua calorific ib chav tsev qhov hnyav. Lwm qhov tsis zoo yog qhov siab nyiam rau cov pa luam yeeb thiab cov pa roj carbon deposits, thiab hygroscopicity siab, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej khov dej khov thaum cov roj kub kub.
4. Aromatic hydrocarbons
Aromatic hydrocarbons muaj zog solubility rau cov khoom siv roj hmab. Cov mis ntawm monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons yog CnH2n ntxiv rau 5, thiab ntau cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab hydrocarbons tuaj yeem muaj ib qho hydrogen atom hauv cov qauv molecular saum toj no hloov los ntawm lwm pab pawg.